Samoa Demographic and Health Survey 2009
Samoa, 2009
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WSM-SBS-DHS-2009-v1
Samoa Demographic and Health Survey 2009
SDHS 2009
Suesuega o le Soifuaga lautele ma le Soifua Maloloina o tagatanuu o Samoa, 2009
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Samoa | WSM |
Demographic and Health Survey [hh/dhs]
The 2009 SDHS is the first DHS survey to be undertaken in Samoa both by the health sector and for an improved health system. The planning and implementation of the survey was carried out jointly by the Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) and the Ministry Of Health (MOH) with the technical assistance and guidance of ICF Macro. The next round is expected to be conducted around July 2014 and Samoa Bureau of Statistics will be in charge of coordinating the survey with partnership with the Ministry of Health.
Round 1 covered the whole country based on statistical regions namely Apia Urban Area (AUA), North West Upolu (NWU), Rest of Upolu (ROU) and Savaii (SAV).
The 2009 Samoa Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) is a national survey covering all four regions of the country. The survey was designed to collect, analyze, and disseminate information on housing and household characteristics, education, maternal and child health, nutrition, fertility and family planning, gender, and knowledge and behaviour related to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI).
The 2009 SDHS is the first DHS survey to be undertaken in Samoa both by the health sector and for an improved health system. The planning and implementation of the survey was carried out jointly by the Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) and the Ministry of Health (MOH) with the technical assistance and guidance of ICF Macro. The Ministry of Women, Community and Social Development assisted by facilitating community support for the survey through villages and mayors.
The Samoa DHS is part of a worldwide survey program. The international MEASURE DHS program is designed to:
• Assist countries in conducting household sample surveys to periodically monitor changes in population, health, and nutrition.
• Provide an international database that can be used by researchers investigating topics related to population, health, and nutrition.
As part of the international DHS program, surveys are being carried out in countries in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East. Data from these surveys are used to better understand the population, health, and nutrition situation in Samoa.
Sample survey data [ssd]
individual (woman aged 15-49, man aged 15-54), household
Version
Version 1.0 - cleaned dataset, anonymized, available for public use.
2010-01-29
Scope
The scope of SDHS 2009 includes:
FAMILIES/ HOUSEHOLDS: demographics (i.e. age, sex, educational attainment, relationship of each member to the household head), housing characteristics, household possessions, socio-economic status.
WOMEN AGED 15-49: background characteristics (education, residential history, media exposure, etc.); birth history; antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care; knowledge, attitudes, and use of family planning methods; fertility preferences; marriage, woman's work, and husband's background characteristics; breastfeeding and infant feeding practices; vaccinations and childhood illnesses; childhood mortality; knowledge of and attitudes toward aids and other sexually transmitted diseases; knowledge of and attitudes toward tuberculosis; other health issues.
MEN AGED 15-54: background characteristics (education, residential history, media exposure, etc.); knowledge, attitudes, and use of family planning methods; fertility preferences; knowledge of and attitudes toward aids and other sexually transmitted diseases; knowledge of and attitudes toward tuberculosis; other health issues.
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Health | World Bank |
| HIV/AIDS | World Bank |
| Population & Reproductive Health | World Bank |
Coverage
National Regional Urban and Rural
The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 and men aged 15-54 years
Producers and sponsors
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Samoa Bureau of Statistics | Government of Samoa |
| Ministry of Health | Government of Samoa |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| ICF Macro | Technical assitance |
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Government of Samoa | GS |
| NZAid | NZAID |
| AUSAid | AUSAID |
| World Bank/International Development Association | WB/IDA |
| UNFPA | UNFPA |
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| ICF Macro | Technical Support |
Sampling
The Survey used a two-stage sample based on the 2006 Population and Housing Census (PHC) to allow reliable estimation of key demographic and health indicators such as fertility, contraceptive prevalence, and infant and child mortality for each of the four geographic regions in Samoa.
The population covered in the 2009 SDHS is the universe of all women age 15-49 in Samoa in a sample of 2,247 selected households. Every other household selected for the women's samplev was also eligible for the men's sample (men age 15-54).
The primary sampling unit (PSU) for the 2009 SDHS was the cluster. The first stage involved selecting clusters from the master sample frame (the 2006 Population and Housing Census). In the second stage, all the households in each selected cluster were listed. Households were then systematically selected from each cluster for participation in the survey. The design did not allow for replacement of clusters or households.
The sample was designed to include10 percent of the households in rural areas and 12 percent of the households in the urban areas. The sample was designed to permit detailed analysis of most indicators for the national level, for urban and rural areas separately, and for each of the four regions (Apia Urban Area, North West Upolu, Rest of Upolu, and Savaii). Overall, a total of 296 primary sampling units or clusters were selected, 104 in urban areas and 196 in the rural areas. Because Samoan household do not move frequently, a fresh household listing was not deemed to be necessary. Instead, a list from the November was used. In the urban clusters, 5 households were selected per cluster, whereas in the rural clusters, 10 households were selected per cluster. The number of clusters in each of the four geographical regions was calculated by diving the total allocated number of households by the sample taken of 5 for Apia Urban Area (the number of households of households in the urban EAs) and 10 for other regions (the number of households for rural EAs). In each region EAs were stratified by urban location first and then by rural location. Clusters were selected systematically, with propability proportional to size.
The Samoa DHS 2009 selected 2,247 households for the sample, of which 2,066 were found occupied at the time of the fieldwork. Of these 1947 households were successfully interviewed yielding a household response rate of 94 percent.
In the households interviewed, a total of 3,033 eligible women aged 15-49 were identified, of whom 2657 were interviewed (respond rate of 88 percent). For eligible men aged 15-54 were identified in the sub-sample a total of 1,689 but only 1,307 were successfully interviewed (respond rate of 77 percent).
By area, response rates for households and women are slightly lower in urban (82 and 86 percent, respectively) than in rural areas (95 and 86 percent, respectively). For men on the other hand, response rate is higher in urban areas, 81 percent, than in rural areas, 76 percent.
The principal reason for non-response for eligible women and men was the failure to find them at home despite repeated visits to the households. The substantially lower response rates for men reflect the more frequent and longer absences of men from the home.
Response rates by region and the details on the calculation of the response rates can be found in Appendix A of the 2009 SDHS report.
Because of the non-proportional allocation of the sample to the different economic regions, sampling weights were required in all analysis using the DHS data to ensure the actual representativity of the sample at both the national and regional levels. The sampling weight for each household is the inverse of its overall selection probability with correction for household non-response; the individual weight is the household weight with correction for individual non-response. Sampling weights are further normalized in order to give the total number of unweighted cases equal to the total number of weighted cases at the national level, for both household weights and individual weights.
Survey instrument
Three questionnaires were used in the SDHS: a Household Questionnaire, a Women's Questionnaire, and a Men's Questionnaire. The household and individual questionnaires were based on model survey instruments developed in the MEASURE DHS program. The model questionnaires were adapted to meet the current needs of Samoa. Each household selected for the SDHS was eligible for interview with the Household Questionnaire.
The Household Questionnaire was used to list all usual members of and visitors to the selected households and to collect information on the socio-economic status of the household. It was also used to identify the women and men who were eligible for the individual interview (i.e., women age 15-49 and men age 15-54).
The Women's Questionnaire was used to collect information from all women age 15-49 years and covered the following topics:
- background characteristics (education, residential history, media exposure, etc.)
- birth history
- antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care
- knowledge, attitudes, and use of family planning methods
- fertility preferences; marriage, woman's work, and husband's background characteristics
- breastfeeding and infant feeding practices; vaccinations and childhood illnesses
- childhood mortality
- knowledge of and attitudes toward aids and other sexually transmitted diseases
- knowledge of and attitudes toward tuberculosis
- other health issues.
The Men's Questionnaire, administered to all men age 15-54 years living in every other Household (i.e. half of the sample households), collected information similar to that on the Women's Questionnaire but was shorter because it did not contain questions on reproductive history, maternal and child health, and nutrition.
After finalization of the questionnaires in English, they were translated into Samoan.
Data collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2009-08-11 | 2009-09-04 |
- Face-to-face [f2f]
| Name | Affiliation | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|
| Samoa Bureau of Statistics | Government Ministry | SBS |
Fieldwork of the survey was coordinated and supervised by Senior staff from SBS and MOH. Field staff were divided into 9 teams; 2 teams worked in the Apia Urban Area, 3 teams worked in North West of Upolu, 2 teams worked in the Rest of Upolu and 2 teams worked in Savaii region. Each team used 1 Van with a driver and comprised of 1 supervisor, 1 field editor, 6 female interviewers and 2 male interviewers.
The supervisor's role was to coordinate field data collection including:
- management of the field teams, supplies and equipment, maps and listing, finances
- coordination with the local authorities village mayor
- making arrangements and dealing with the refused households
- making field spot checks
- organizing transportation for long distance households
- maintaining the work process and documents
- sending complete questionnaires and progress report to the main office.
The field editor's role was to review and check each questionnaire at the end of each day. This includes checking for missing pages, skips, inconsistencies in the data; observing the interviewers and conducting a review session with the interviewers.
The Training was conducted for a period of 15 days from 20th July to 7th August 2009 in Apia and a total of 97 persons from various backgrounds were trained; 9 supervisors, 9 field editors, 54 female interviewers, and 7 office editors. The training of field staff consisted of a detailed, question-by-question explanation of the questionnaires, reading the interviewers manual, demonstrations, practice interviewing in small groups and pairs, and test. Guest speakers were invited to give lectures about family planning and immunisation programmes in Samoa. Each section of the questionnaire was tested. The test results were used to reinforce understanding of key topics among the trainees and to strengthen their interviewing skills. Training included two days of field practice in communities in and around the training site that were not included in the SDHS sample. Additional training was held for field supervisors and editors.
All three survey questionnaires were pretested. The pretest training was also used as a tool for the training of trainers. The main objectives of the pretest were to provide experience for the trainers, who in turn trained the field staff during the main training, to test the survey instruments and logistics, and to build capacity of the survey team.
The Samoa Bureau of Statistics in collaboration with the Ministry of Women Community and Social Development was responsible for contacting local authorities and also arranging camping sites for each team. Both English and Samoan languages were used to conduct interviews. Interviews usually took about 45 minutes to complete.
Data processing
The processing of the SDHS results began shortly after the fieldwork started. Data editing was first done in the field by the field editors and supervisors. Completed and edited questionnaires for each cluster were packed and delivered to the SDHS centre at Motootua where they were entered and edited by data processing personnel. The data processing team was composed of 15 data entry operators, 1 data entry supervisor with 2 assistants and 7 office editors working in two shifts. Data operators and supervisors went through a one-week training programme with the technical assistance of ICF Macro. Data were entered using CSPro, a programme specially developed for use in household based surveys and censuses. All data were entered twice (100 percent verification). The concurrent processing of the data was an advantage because the survey technical staff were able to advise field teams of problems detected during the data entry using tables generated to check various data quality parameters. As a result, specific feedback was given to the teams to improve their performances. The data entry and editing phase of the survey was completed in February 2010.
Data appraisal
Sampling errors for the 2009 SDHS were calculated using a Macro SAS procedure. This procedure used the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. The Jackknife repeated replication method is used for variance estimation of more complex statistics, such as fertility and mortality rates.
Sampling errors for the 2009 SDHS are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest. The results are presented in Appendix B of the 2009 SDHS report for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for the four geographical regions. Standard errors, design effect, relative standard errors and 95 percent confidence limits for each statistic of a variable are presented in the tables of the Appendix. Details on sampling error calculation are also provided.
In summary, for the total sample, the value of the DEFT, averaged over all variables, is 1.05. This means that, due to multi-stage clustering of the sample, the average standard error is increased by a factor of 1.05 over that in an equivalent simple random sample.
Data quality tables and were generated to assess the quality and reliability of the 2009 SDHS data. These include:
- Household age distribution
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed women
- Age distribution of eligible and interviewed men
- Completeness of reporting
- Births by calendar years
- Reporting of age at death in days
- Reporting of age at death in months
These tables are provided in Appendix C of the f2009 SDHS report.
Data Access
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Director General of Health/CEO MOH | Ministry of Health | http://www.health.gov.ws | CEO@health.gov.ws |
| Government Statistician | Samoa Bureau of Statistics | http://www.sbs.gov.ws | info.stats@sbs.gov.ws |
| Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? | Confidentiality declaration text |
|---|---|
| yes | Confidentiality of respondents is guaranteed by the Statistics Act 1971. Before being granted access to the dataset, all users have to formally agree: 1. To make no copies of any files or portions of files to which s/he is granted access except those authorized by the data depositor. 2. Not to use any technique in an attempt to learn the identity of any person or establishment not identified on public use data files. 3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any establishment or individual that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed in her/his analysis will be immediately brought to the attention of the data depositor. This statement does not replace a more comprehensive data agreement (see Access condition). |
Conditions for use of licensed datasets are:
- The data and other materials provided by the Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the SBS.
- The data will be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information or the development of statistical models, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
- No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents, and no use will be made of the identity of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the SBS.
- No attempt, without prior approval, will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the SBS, or among data from the SBS and other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations, nor for destroying the business operations of individuals or organizations.
- Any books, articles, conference papers, theses, dissertations, reports, or other publications that employ data obtained from the SBS will cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation Requirement provided with the dataset.
- An electronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the SBS.
- The original collector of the data, the SBS, and the relevant funding agencies bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
- The primary and other researchers who will be involved in using the data must be identified.
- The researchers' organization must be identified as must a suitable representative of the organization who must be a signatory to the license.
- The intended use of the data including a list of expected outputs and the organization's dissemination policy must be identified.
- A formal agreement must be signed that the files will not be shared beyond the boundaries of the organization. In the case of a blanket agreement where it is agreed that the data can be used broadly within the receiving organization in a secure manner, the receiving organization must demonstrate a capacity to manage the data files in a secure manner (with an identified individual assigned formal responsibility for doing so) and each additional new user be made aware of the terms and conditions that apply to the data files. This must be achieved by having the users sign an affidavit. Where a blanket agreement exists and data security procedures are in place, it will not be necessary for the users to destroy the data after use is complete.
Licensed datasets, accessible under conditions.
Ministry of Health (Samoa), Bureau of Satistics (Samoa), and ICF Macro. 2010. Samoa Demograthic and Heath Survey 2009. Apia, Samoa: Ministry of Health, Samoa.
Disclaimer and copyrights
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or interferences based upon such uses.
(c) Copyright Government of Samoa, MOH, 2009
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ACEO, Census and Survey Division | Samoa Bureau of Statistics | info.stats@sbs.gov.ws | http://www.sbs.gov.ws |
| CEO, Mininstry of Health | Ministry of Health | CEO@health.gov.ws | http://www.health.gov.ws |
Metadata production
DDI-WSM-SBS-DHS-2009-v011
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lewis Sinclair | LS | Samoa Bureau of Statistics | Documentation of the DHS 2009 |
2019-01-02T11:00:00.000Z
Metadata version
Version 1.0 (July 2012). This is the first documentation of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2009.
Version 1.1 (May 2014). Continuation of the DHS 2009 documentation.